The banana plant is an enormous perpetual spice with leaf sheaths that structure trunk-like pseudostems. The plant has 8 - 12 surrenders that are to 9 ft long and 2 ft wide. Root improvement might be broad in free soil sometimes up to 30 ft horizontally. Other plant portrayals fluctuate, it relies upon the assortment.
Bloom improvement is started from the genuine stem underground (corm) 9 - a year subsequent to planting. The inflorescence (blossom tail) becomes through the focal point of the pseudostem. Blossoms create in bunches and winding around the primary hub. In many cultivars, the female blossoms are trailed by a couple "hands" of fix blossoms that have cut short ovaries and stamens. The fix blossoms are followed at the terminal finishes by male blossoms encased in bracts. The male blossoms have useful stamens yet cut short ovaries.
Organic products develop in around 60 - 90 days after blossoms initially show up. Each pack of organic products comprises of variable quantities of "hands" along a focal stem. Each "hand" comprises of two cross over lines of organic products ("fingers").
The natural product quality is controlled by size (finger length and thickness), uniformity of maturing, independence from flaws and absconds, and the course of action of the bunches. Quality principles might contrast in different business sectors.
Assortments
Cavendish and Brazilians are the two significant gatherings of sweet bananas in Hawaii. The Cavendish bunch incorporates 'Williams', 'Valery', 'Hamakua', 'Fantastic Nain', and 'Chinese' assortments. The Brazilian bananas are frequently erroneously alluded to as apple bananas in Hawaii. This gathering incorporates the 'Bantam Brazilian'.
The Bluefields bunch, which incorporates 'Bluefields' and 'Midget Bluefields', was the main business assortment in Hawaii. At present, this gathering represents under 1% of banana creation in Hawaii because of its defenselessness to the Panama wither sickness. Bland cooking bananas, or plantains, are additionally found in Hawaii. Largo, Maia maole, and Popoulu are different plantain gatherings.
'Brazilian' Variety
'Chinese' Variety ('Dwarf Cavendish')
'Williams Hybrid' Variety ('Williams')
'Valery' Variety ('Taiwan', 'North Banana', 'Tall Mons Mari')
'Hamakua' Variety ('Bungulan', 'Monte Cristo')
'Bluefields' Variety ('Gros Michel')
'Diminutive person Bluefields' Variety ('Cocos')
Employments
Bananas contain about 74% water, 23% carb, 1% protein, and 0.5% fat. A 4-ounce banana without the strip is a decent wellspring of nutrient B6, potassium, and fiber.
Banana natural product might be eaten crude or as a cooked vegetable. The natural product can likewise be prepared for various food items. Ready natural products can be pulped for puree for use in an assortment of items including frozen yogurt, yogurt, cake, bread, nectar, and child food. Ready bananas can be dried and eaten, or cut, canned with syrup, and utilized in pastry kitchen items, organic product plates of mixed greens, and garnishes. Green (unripened) bananas can be cut and singed as chips. Entire green organic products can likewise be dried and ground into flour. Vinegar and cocktails can be produced using aged ready bananas
Different pieces of the banana plant are burned-through other than the organic product. The core of the developing pseudostem is eaten in India. In Southeast Asia, the male bud is eaten as a bubbled vegetable. The banana leaves are not eaten however might be utilized for enclosing food by preparing.
The banana foliage and pseudostems are utilized as steers feed during dry periods in some banana delivering regions. Separated bananas are utilized to take care of cows and hoards. Bananas are a decent energy source however should be enhanced with protein.
Proliferation
Bananas are proliferated from branches (suckers or keikis) or corms (bullheads). On the off chance that enough buds are available, enormous bullheads can be divided or quartered.
Planting material ought to be treated for nematodes:
(1) Cut off base portion of corm and, whenever stained, trim off up to 2/3 of the lower part of the corm until just clean white tissue remains.
(2) Trim off around 1/2 inch of tissue around the sides of the corm.
(3) If bullheads are utilized, cut off the pseudostem 3-4 crawls over the highest point of the corm.
(4) Either,
(a)Immerse the managed corms in a hot water shower at 50 - 52 degrees C (122 - 126 degrees F) for 15 - 20 minutes. Prior to planting, place the corms in a straightforward plastic sack at room temperature until new roots start to show up.
Or on the other hand,
(b) Coat the corms with parafilm wax before shipment or capacity.
SOIL TYPES and
Bananas develop above and beyond a wide scope of Hawaiian soil. The ideal soil ought to be all around depleted however have great water maintenance limit. Soil pH ought to be somewhere in the range of 5.5 and 6.5.
Bananas fill best in regions with 100 inches or a greater amount of very much disseminated precipitation each year. Water system is required in case precipitation is lacking or sporadic. Banana plants ought to be planted in secured regions, since they are by and large vulnerable to wind harm. A normal temperature of 81 degrees F and full sun is likewise great.
Social PRACTI
Banana plants are normally not planted nearer than 8-10 ft separated. It relies upon the banana assortments planted and the administration rehearses. The quantity of suckers creating ought to be kept to a limit of 4 or 5 for each mat, contingent upon planting distance and different practices.
Treatment
In develop plantations, the utilization of 10-5-20 at the pace of 2 lb for each mat like clockwork ought to be satisfactory.
Gathering
The banana bundle can be reaped when the fingers become light green and the corners become adjusted instead of precise. The pseudostem ought to be scaled back after the bundle is taken out.
POSTHARVEST
The ideal conditions for maturing bananas are at temperatures of 68 - 70 degrees F and 90% relative mugginess. As the natural product matures, sugar content increments while starch content declines.
Green bananas can be saved as long as seven days at room temperature or as long as 20 days under refrigeration. Neither green nor ready bananas ought to be put away at temperatures lower than 58 degrees F. Banana natural products will stain and the tissue will turn out to be coarse at cooler temperatures.
Cautious taking care of is significant during and in the wake of reaping, on the grounds that bananas wound without any problem. Swelling can be limited by the utilization of plastic sleeves, cushioning, and restricted dealing with. 3/4 develop bananas don't wound as effectively as completely develop organic product. The bundles are typically cut into singular hands and washed prior to boxing.
Ethylene gas can be applied to bananas to begin the maturing interaction and to guarantee equity of aging. Bananas additionally produce ethylene gas normally. During the maturing interaction, mash temperatures should go from 58 to 64 degrees F, relative dampness ought to be controlled, and there ought to be sufficient air course to guarantee excellent organic product.
Illnesses
Panama Wilt - parasite (Fusarium oxysporum f. cubense); confined to 'Bluefields'
Spot - parasite (Phyllostictina musarum)
Stogie - End Diseases - parasites (for example , Finger-tip decay, Hendersonula toruloidea); forestalled by covering bundles with packs.
Nematodes - Burrowing (Radopholus similus), Root-hitch (Meloidogyne spp.), Spiral (Helicotylenchus multicinctus), Lesion (Pratylenchus spp.)
Gag Throat - Physiological, brought about by low temperatures
Bunchy Top Disease of Bananas - Bunchy Top Virus
Creepy crawlies Ba
Oriental organic product fly (Bactrocera dorsalis)
Spiraling whitefly (Aleurodicus dispersus)
Banana captain (Pelopidas thrax)
Dark pineapple mealybug (Dysmicococcus neobrevipes)
Chinese rose scarab (Adoretus sinicus); on youthful suckers
Banana rust thrips (Chaetanaphothrips orchidii)
Banana aphid (Pentalonia nigronervosa)
Green nursery looper (Chrysodeixis eriosoma)
Defensively covered scales (a few animal types)
Banana root drill (Cosmopolites sordidus)
Item
In Hawaii, yields of 12,000, 15,000, and 35,000 lb/ac can typically be gotten for the 'Brazilian', 'Bluefields' and 'Cavendish' consciously. Yields of 75,000 lb/ac have been accounted for under ideal conditions. In the better estates in Central and South America, yields can surpass 40,000 lb/ac.
In 1992 the region in crop added up to 960 sections of land, down 1% from the earlier year and the least level in ten years. Oahu producers decreased grounds 8%, however Hawaii cultivators expanded real esatate by 6%. Statewide gathered land added up to 870 sections of land, down 2% from a similar date a year sooner. After Hurricane Iniki went through the State toward the beginning of September, bearing real esatate and creation slipped during the keep going quarter of 1992 on Kauai and Oahu. Climate from there on was by and large great for cleanup endeavors and plantation recuperation.
The 1992 assessed banana creation at 12.0 million pounds addresses a 5 percent expansion from 1991. In spite of the fact that homestead costs for all assortments found the middle value of 41.0 pennies per pound in 1992, unaltered from the earlier year, the ranch esteem rose to a record $4.9 million because of the expansion in yield. In 1991, The normal ranch cost on Oahu, Kauai and Maui was at record high rates. Ranch level worth expanded for all islands with the exception of Oahu during 1993.
The 5% increment in banana creation statewide was chiefly because of a lift on Hawaii island. Hawaii's creation rose 10% from 1991 to 8.9 million pounds, representing 74% of the State's aggregate. Oahu represented 19% of the absolute with 2.3 million pounds, 9 percent under a year prior because of less land and climate related and sickness issues. Kauai and Maui represented the leftover 790 thousand pounds. Cavendish creation expanded 7% from a year prior to 9.6 million pounds, the most significant level since 1988. Brazilian yield fell 1% from 1991 to 2.3 million pounds, the second year of decay. Statewide yields found the middle value of 13,800 pounds for every section of land, 8% over a year prior. Developing plantations on Hawaii island helped push by and large respects the record undeniable level.
REFERE
Chia, C. L. 1981. Bananas. Item Fact Sheet BA-3(A) Fruit.
Hawaii Cooperative Extension Service, CTAHR, University of Hawaii.
Hawaii Bananas, Annual Summary. 1993. Hawaii Agricultural Statistics Service. Hawaii Department otgs.
